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In obstetrics, a perineal tear is a spontaneous (unintended) laceration of the skin and other soft tissue structures which, in women, separate the vagina from the anus. Perineal tears mainly occur in women as a result of vaginal childbirth, which strains the perineum. Tears vary widely in severity. The majority are superficial and require no treatment, but severe tears can cause significant bleeding, long-term pain or dysfunction. A perineal tear is distinct from an episiotomy, in which the perineum is intentionally incised to facilitate delivery. ==Anatomy== In a woman, the anus and the vaginal opening lie within the anatomical region known as the perineum. Each opening is surrounded by a wall, and the anal wall is separated from the vaginal wall by a mass of soft tissue including: * The muscles of the anus (corrugator cutis ani, the internal anal sphincter and the external anal sphincter) * The medial muscles of the urogenital region (the superficial transverse perineal muscle, the deep transverse perineal muscle and bulbocavernosus) * The medial levator ani muscles (puborectalis and pubococcygeus) * The fascia of perineum, which covers these muscles * The overlying skin and subcutaneous tissue A perineal tear may involve some or all of these structures, which normally aid in supporting the pelvic organs and maintaining faecal continence. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Perineal tear」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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